The effect of resin on treatment of soil-cement was studied through experimental tests.Three kinds of commercial resins with different percentage weights were used within the study. Test samples were made of mixtures of soil with different percentage weights of cement (8 % and 12%) and mixing of soil-cement with different percentage contents of resin (5, 8 and 10%). Unconfined compression tests were conducted on the prepared samples at different curing times. Results indicated that adding resin to soil-cement causes increase in the strength of the mixture. In addition, an increase in the strength is a function of percent cement content, resin percentage, type of resin (viscosity of the resin) as well as curing time. A regression model was proposed as based on the experimental data for predicting the compressive strength. The regression model consisted of percentage content cement percent resin, kind of resin (resin viscosity) as well as curing time as variables. A comparison between the model predictions and the experimental results reveals that the proposed models can satisfactorily predict the compressive strength as regards soil-cement resin mixtures.

In this study, an analytical method is developed to predict the behavior of deficient reinforced concrete beam-column joints after strengthening. Deficient joint is a joint without shear reinforcement. In this analytical method, different types of failure are estimated using principal stress-strain relationships in the joint and by determining the final capacity of beam and column. The use of relations between principal stresses in the joint accounts for the variation of the axial stress of the column in equations and joint capacities. The equations are obtained by considering the strength and deformation limit states in the joint, and a numerical method is employed to solve them. The proposed analytical method provides useful information regarding the strengthened joint capacity as well as how different types of strengthened methods work. This information can be used to select the strengthening method of the deficient joints. In the study, the calculation sequence of beam-column joints is illustrated using column axial force versus flexural capacity relationship of the joint members, employed as a criterion to determine the method and the amount of strengthening materials. In the experimental part of the study, 3 specimens with axial load variation and 3 specimens with constant axial load were conducted. The specimens were strengthened using either near-surface mounted steel reinforcement (NSM) or externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) with CFRP sheets. The experimental results indicated that the behavior of joints was significantly affected by considering the column axial force. Additionally, strengthening the joints by NSM method with steel bars rather than EBR method led to more ductile behavior. Finally, the proposed analytical method was compared with the results of the experimental specimens from other studies and 6 experimental specimens conducted in this study. Comparison of the experimental results with the values of the analytical method demonstrated that the proposed analytical method could adequately predict the behavior of beam-column joints.

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of the column-to-beam strength ratio on the seismic strengthening of a column with a Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) wrapping system. FRP wrapped Reinforced Concrete (RC) columns are analyzed to obtain moment-curvature curves using FRP confined concrete characteristics. A pushover analysis of a 2D model was performed on one and three-story moment-resisting frames, with different column-to-beam strength ratios. The results indicate that FRP strengthening is more efficient in frames with a low ratio of column-to-beam strength, due to the type of lateral failure mechanism of the frame. Also, high values of the column-to-beam strength ratio can be benefited by low values of the confining pressure. In case of column strength greater than beam strength, beyond a certain confining pressure ratio, further enhancement in performance will not be achieved. Therefore, the level of effective wrapping on frame performance enhancement is controlled by the column-to-beam strength ratio.

The purpose of this study was to compare two clean-up methods i.e. immunoafinity and multifunctional (MycoSep) columns in determining aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) in black, white and red pepper samples with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Blank samples of black, white and red pepper were spiked with 1, 5 and 10 ng/g of the toxins. The spiked samples were cleaned up by applying MycoSep and immunoaffinity and recovery values were determined. Preparing six samples of pepper from the market, aflatoxins were measured by both of the clean-up methods in each of the afore mentioned samples. Data were analysed by analysis of variances. When the immuniaffinity column was applied, the recovery values ranged from 69.8±6.6 for G2 to 101.±5.7 for B1. By applying mycocep column the recovery was ranging from 70.9±3.4 for G2 to 97±8.8 for B1. Data analysis showed that there were no significant differences between recovery values and mycotoxn content in real samples applying immunoaffinity or mycocep. Both methods were found effective.

Ovarian cancer is fifth in cancer deaths among women with gynecologic malignancy. This tumor have good initial responses to surgery and chemotherapy in 80% of cases, but more than 75% of patients die due to complications of disease progression. A female, 25 years old, admitted in Fatemieh hospital with complaints of lower limbs paresthesia from 6 hours before admission in hospital. She had paresthesia in lower limbs that was increased gradually and urinary incontinence was added. Within 2 hours after admission she became paraplegic.She was treated with dexamethasone then was referred to a neurosurgeon for urgent laminectomy.Neurosurgeon reported spinal cord invasion with a tumoral mass. Pathologic diagnosis was metastatic dysgerminoma. Then radiotherapy and chemotherapy was done. Metastasis of ovarian tumor to spinal cord is rare and need more aggressive multidisciplinary treatment approach.

In this paper, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used for modeling the nonlinear structure of a debutanizer column in a refinery gas process plant. The actual input-output data of the system were measured in order to be used for system identification based on root mean square error (RMSE) minimization approach. It was shown that the designed recurrent neural network is able to precisely predict and track the response of the actual system. The comparison between the results of this paper and those of the most recent published studies as NARX model indicates the significance of the proposed approach.

The customary exposed column bases of steel construction use anchor bolts. The anchor bolts may be subjected to various combinations of forces. The tensile (or pull-out) actions are one of these forces. The embedded steel sections can replace the anchor bolts in resisting pull-out forces. Depending on the shape of an embedded section, it can resist against pullout forces by three mechanisms namely: the bond resistance, the interlocking force and frictional resistance. The embedded tapered section develops the resistance against the pullout forces by the frictional resistance. The present paper, numerically and experimentally, studies the pull-out behaviour of tapered steel sections embedded in unreinforced concrete.The numerical models are generated with Abaqus 6.10-1. To support the numerical results, four tapered box and I-sections are tested under pull-out forces. The numerical models, study the effects of boundary conditions, the size of the concrete block, the tapering angle, and the coefficient of friction. The restraining boundary conditions prevent the splitting of the concrete block, which is the most common type of failure in embedded tapered sections, and could double its pull-out strength. Under proper confinement, the embedded tapered sections could have very large post-failure pull-out strength.